EXER4: 分析 bootloader 加载 ELF 格式的 OS 的过程*

/* waitdisk - wait for disk ready */
static void
waitdisk(void) {
    while ((inb(0x1F7) & 0xC0) != 0x40)
        /* do nothing */;
}

static inline uint8_t
inb(uint16_t port) {
    uint8_t data;
    asm volatile ("inb %1, %0" : "=a" (data) : "d" (port));
    return data;
}

/* readsect - read a single sector at @secno into @dst */
static void
readsect(void *dst, uint32_t secno) {
    // wait for disk to be ready
    waitdisk();

    outb(0x1F2, 1);                         // count = 1
    outb(0x1F3, secno & 0xFF);
    outb(0x1F4, (secno >> 8) & 0xFF);
    outb(0x1F5, (secno >> 16) & 0xFF);
    outb(0x1F6, ((secno >> 24) & 0xF) | 0xE0);
    outb(0x1F7, 0x20);                      // cmd 0x20 - read sectors

    // wait for disk to be ready
    waitdisk();

    // read a sector
    insl(0x1F0, dst, SECTSIZE / 4);
}

/* *
 * readseg - read @count bytes at @offset from kernel into virtual address @va,
 * might copy more than asked.
 * */
static void
readseg(uintptr_t va, uint32_t count, uint32_t offset) {
    uintptr_t end_va = va + count;

    // round down to sector boundary
    // 向下舍入到扇区边界
    // 因为readsect函数读的是整个扇区，那么为了确保读的数据准确地在对应地址，舍入到扇区边界。不过实际运行中应该并没用到。
    va -= offset % SECTSIZE;

    // translate from bytes to sectors; kernel starts at sector 1
    uint32_t secno = (offset / SECTSIZE) + 1;

    // If this is too slow, we could read lots of sectors at a time.
    // We'd write more to memory than asked, but it doesn't matter --
    // we load in increasing order.
    for (; va < end_va; va += SECTSIZE, secno ++) {
        readsect((void *)va, secno);
    }
}

#define ELFHDR          ((struct elfhdr *)0x10000)      // scratch space
/* bootmain - the entry of bootloader */
void
bootmain(void) {
    // 读elf文件的前八个扇区到暂存空间，用以校验文件头
    readseg((uintptr_t)ELFHDR, SECTSIZE * 8, 0);

    // 判断文件头
    if (ELFHDR->e_magic != ELF_MAGIC) {
        goto bad;
    }

    // 通过偏移获取 program header
    struct proghdr *ph, *eph;
    ph = (struct proghdr *)((uintptr_t)ELFHDR + ELFHDR->e_phoff);
    eph = ph + ELFHDR->e_phnum;

    //按照描述表中的信息读入elf文件
    for (; ph < eph; ph ++) {
        readseg(ph->p_va & 0xFFFFFF, ph->p_memsz, ph->p_offset);
    }

    // call the entry point from the ELF header
    // note: does not return
    // 跳转到内核入口函数，cpu交给内核
    ((void (*)(void))(ELFHDR->e_entry & 0xFFFFFF))();

bad:
    outw(0x8A00, 0x8A00);
    outw(0x8A00, 0x8E00);

    /* do nothing */
    while (1);
}

struct proghdr {
  uint type;   // 段类型
  uint offset;  // 段相对文件头的偏移值
  uint va;     // 段的第一个字节将被放到内存中的虚拟地址
  uint pa;
  uint filesz;
  uint memsz;  // 段在内存映像中占用的字节数
  uint flags;
  uint align;
};